Сотрудники Института языкознания выступили с онлайн-лекциями в рамках проекта “Abralin ao Vivo”. Лекции прочли Ольга Анатольевна Казакевич, Андрей Александрович Кибрик, Ирина Владимировна Самарина и Ирина Игоревна Челышева.
Ольга Анатольевна Казакевич. Autochthonous Languages of Siberia and the far East: Documentation, Functioning, Language Contacts and Language Shift In Ethno-Local Groups
In the lecture I’ll try to give a panorama of autochthonous languages of Siberia and the Russian Far East touching upon their documentation, current functioning, language contacts in the area and the results of these contacts, language shift in some local groups of autochthonous populations. I’ll trace back the starting points and the development of language shift process in several ethno-local groups up to the beginning of the previous century and try to reveal general and local factors contributing to this process. Finally, I’ll discuss some issues concerning language preservation and/or revitalization in the area.
Андрей Александрович Кибрик. Cognitive Discourse Analysis
The field known as Cognitive Linguistics has mostly addressed off-line linguistic phenomena, associated with the storage of information in long-term memory, for example lexical meanings. On-line phenomena, such as discourse processes unfolding in real time, can and should be explored from a cognitive perspective as well. In this lecture the field that can be called “cognitive discourse analysis” is outlined. The main areas of research include discourse taxonomy, discourse structure, and relationships between discourse factors and smaller linguistic units. All of these phenomena are discussed in connection with basic cognitive processes, such as working memory, attention, dynamic structure of behavior, and the like. At the end I propose a wider multichannel approach to discourse, in which not only talk as such but also kinetic communication channels are considered.
Ирина Владимировна Самарина. Have Tonal Languages always been Tonal? Vietic Languages and The Monosyllabisation Process
The language may be tonal or non-tonal. At first glance, it seems that the transition of a language from one type to another is hardly possible. However, the study of historical changes in the languages of the Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) shows that the transition from the non-tonal language to the tonal language is still possible. The global process, which determines the evolution of the MSEA languages, regardless of their genetic affiliation, is the monosyllabisation that means the restructuring of polysyllabic languages into monosyllabic ones through the sesquisyllabic stage. The development of phonation-type registers and tones as in the Vietic branch of the Austroasiatic languages is the result of the monosyllabisation process. Speakers of the most Vietic languages, except Vietnamese and Muong, are small groups of recent hunter-gatherers living in the mountains of Vietnam and Laos. Based on the materials of Vietic languages, we can trace the different stages of the monosyllabisation, and the development of various types of prosodic systems, including tonal and post-register ones.
Ирина Игоревна Челышева. Sociolinguistique historique: de la situation linguistique diachronique à la reconstruction de la personnalité linguistique
La linguistique historique romane à l’heure actuelle se voit enrichie du matériel varié et puisé des sources multiples (bases des données, corpus, publications des textes y compris des fac-similés etc ). Ajoutons-y les resultats des recherches des disciplines confinantes (histoire, ethnologie, paléographie). C’est ce qui permet d’appliquer à la sociolinguistique diachronique les paroles de J.-P. Chambon qui entrevoyait pour le chercheur la possibilité de passer du rôle bien reduit de l’archéologue à celui de l’architecte.
La reconstruction des situations linguistiques et communicatives du Moyen Age de la Romania peut, par consequence , être approfondie soit au niveau d’une ville, soit au niveau d’une communauté plus reduite (université, monastère, famille). Le recours à la notion de la «personnalité linguistique» élaborée au sein de la linguistique russe permet de reunir et d’analyser en «complexe architectural» les compétences linguistiques de la personne, les pratiques de la langue/des langues, la pragmatique de l’utilisation des constructions linguistiques par les sujets parlants, la perception et la valutation de telle ou telle langue, ainsi que la reflection explicitement exprimée ou reconstruite à partir des textes sur les problèmes linguistiques de l’époque. Ainsi nous ésperons relever des tendences générales de l’époque, les habitudes linguistique de telle ou telle communauté et analyser les choix individuels des personnes très en vue du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance romans. L’attention particulière est portée sur la langue de Leonardo da Vinci.